There are abundant mineral resources beneath and on the seafloor. The rational development and utilization of deep-sea minerals is in line with the needs of economic development in China and is an important measure to ensure the security of China's strategic resources and the development of a high-quality marine economy. This paper reviews the progress of deep-sea mining technology at home and abroad and analyzes the key technical challenges and environmental challenges. It is suggested that the development of deep-sea mining should follow the principles of “green and environmentally friendly, safe and reliable, intelligent and efficient”. Efforts should be made to strengthen the top-level design of deep-sea mining systems, break through the bottlenecks in R&D of key technology and manufacturing of equipment, and improve the awareness for protection and the monitoring and repairing of deep-sea environment.Finally, this paper proposes to take advantage of China’s superior high-tech to strengthen independent innovation, create new opportunities for technology R&D and equipment manufacturing, and strengthen international cooperation to promote the sustainable use of deep-sea mineral resources, so as to cultivate the development of strategic new industries in deep-sea mining and build China into a strong maritime country.